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| Aortic
dissection Type B with a nice definition of true and false
lumen. Please note the ulceration arising off of the false
lumen. |
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| CT
angiography of the lower extremity: showing the capabilities
of interactive rendering looking at bone, muscle, and vasculature
in real time. |
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#1 |
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Movie
#2 |
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Movie
#3 |
| Venous-to-venous
varix:
Volume rendering MIP and Multiplanar reconstructions
demonstrates a very unusual case. Notice the vascular abnormality
in the region of the right hilum. This was a venous-to-venous
varix. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
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#7 |
| LIMA
and saphenous graft: Volume rendering defining the presence
of both a LIMA and saphenous graft and showing the detail
that CT can provide for accurately defining the grafts.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
| Hemangioma
of the Shoulder: 3D Mapping demonstrates a vascular
mass in the supercavicular zone on the left in this child
consistent with a large cavernous hemangioma. |
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Movie
#1 |
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Movie
#2 |
| Abdominal
wall vessels: Three sets of images are done to define
the perforating vessels in the subcutaneous tissues of the
abdominal wall going through the abdominal wall for reconstructive
breast surgery. Using CT has saved 90 minutes per patient,
roughly, in a 6-8 hour procedure. |
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#1 |
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Movie
#2 |
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#3 |
| CT
angiography of the lower extremity: showing the capabilities
of interactive rendering looking at bone, muscle, and vasculature
in real time. |
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#1 |
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|
Movie
#2 |
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Movie
#3 |
| Venous-to-venous
varix:
Volume rendering MIP and Multiplanar reconstructions
demonstrates a very unusual case. Notice the vascular abnormality
in the region of the right hilum. This was a venous-to-venous
varix. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
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#7 |
| LIMA
and saphenous graft: Volume rendering defining the presence
of both a LIMA and saphenous graft and showing the detail
that CT can provide for accurately defining the grafts.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
| Hemangioma
of the Shoulder: 3D Mapping demonstrates a vascular
mass in the supercavicular zone on the left in this child
consistent with a large cavernous hemangioma. |
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Movie
#1 |
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Movie
#2 |
| Runoff
study: 3D reconstructions demonstrate vascular map from
the lower aorta to lower extremities showing vascular
mapping with extensive disease in the superficial
femoral arteries, popliteal and trifurcation vessels. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
| AV
malformation: The patient has evidence of a hypervascular
lesion in the dome of the liver with perfusion changes associated
with it. This was an AV malformation nicely defined, particularly
in the 3D map. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
| Liver
AV Malformation: A combination of axial, multi-planar
and 3D reconstructions demonstrates evidence of an AV malformation
in the left lobe of the liver. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
| Bicuspid
valve: 4 dimensional and 3 dimensional visualization
of the aortic valve prior to operative repair. This is a
bicuspid valve. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
| Arch
pseudoaneurysm: The patient has evidence of a pseudoaneurysm
off the arch, which is felt to be a post-surgical complication.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
| Coronary
artery angiogram: 3D reconstruction and 4 D reconstructions
of a coronary artery angiogram that was normal. The role
of visualization and looking at multiple planes and perspectives
is nicely defined in this case. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
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#7 |
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#8 |
| Persistent
Left SVC: 3D mapping demonstrates the presence of a
persistent left SVC in this patient with dilated aortic
root. |
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#1 |
| Post
CABG: 3D and 4D mapping of a patient post-cardiac bypass
demonstrating the grafts as well as cardiac motion.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
| LIMA
graft: 3D mapping demonstrating a patient's LIMA graft,
which is patent. Volume rendering and MIP are very good
for looking at graft patency on an interactive display.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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Movie
#5 |
| Left
venticle aneurysm: 3D mapping demonstrates an aneurysm
of the tip of the left ventricle with thinning of the myocardium
and asymmetric contraction. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
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#7 |
| Normal
coronery MIP: A nice example of maximum intensity projection
to visualize the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries
in this case were normal. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
| Calcified
aortic valve: 3D and 4D mapping demonstrates a tricuspid
aortic valve with calcifications on the valve. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
| Dilated
aortic root: A sequence of images defines the dilated
aortic root with good definition of both the root and valve.
The use of 3D and 4 D imaging is nicely shown in this case.
Note calcification in the patient's left anterior descending
coronary artery. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
| LAD
stenosis: 3D and 4D mapping demonstrates extensive calcification
in areas of stenosis in both the left anterior descending
and circumflex coronary artery. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
| Diseased
bicuspid valve: Sequence of images shows a bicuspid
aortic valve with thickening of the valve present, nicely
seen on the 4 dimensional map. |
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#1 |
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Movie
#2 |
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#3 |
| Arch
Pseudoaneurysm : A sequence of images is provided using
both 3D and 4 D reconstruction in a complicated case of
a patient with a pseudo-aneurysm off the aortic arch. 3D
mapping defines the extent of aneurysm using a series of
axial, coronal, and sagittal planes with volume rendering
and 3D mapping. The 4 dimensional reconstructions also nicely
show the ulceration with aneurysm off the arch. This can
be best described as a pseudo-aneurysm. The multiple volume
rendered views nicely show the pseudo-aneurysm.
|
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
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#4 |
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#5 |
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#6 |
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#7 |
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Movie
#8 |
| Loetz-Dietz
Syndrome: The patient has a history of Loetz-Dietz Syndrome.
The study is done to look for aneurysm. No aneurysm is found
and this study demonstrates great detail in the vessels
of the neck, as well as optimal visualization of the mandible
and the skull with extensive changes of the rendering algorithms
to visualize bone, muscle, and vessels. |
|
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Movie
1 |
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Movie
2 |
| Poor
cardiac function: Image displayed in coronal MPR, as
well as 3D rendering, demonstrates poor cardiac function
with little change in the volume of the left ventricle,
between systole and diastole. This is nicely shown on multiple
sequences. |
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1 |
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2 |
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3 |
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4 |
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5 |
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Movie
6 |
| Prior
cardiac surgery: The patent has a history of prior cardiac
surgery. Notice the bulge off the right side of the ascending
aorta consistent with a pseudo-aneurysm, possibly iatrogenic
in nature. This is clearly seen on all 3D reconstructions
as a discreet out-patching. This would be eventually repaired
by banding. |
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|
Movie
1 |
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Movie
2 |
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Movie
3 |
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Movie
4 |
| Ascending
Aortic Aneurysm - This
is an example of an aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta
evaluated with both 3D and 4D reconstructions. This study,
which is done through a range of perspectives, also shows
extensive coronary artery disease with calcification and
mild stenosis in multiple vessels. Calcification in the
aortic arch also well defined, particularly on the MIP image
set. |
|
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|
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: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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: #3 |
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: #4 |
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Movie
: #5 |
| AV
Shunt Dialysis Patient-
On this case is a nice example of the role of 3D in the
visualization of large volumes of complex vascular anatomy.
This study shows a vascular anatomy of a patient with an
AV shunt for dialysis. You will note how hard it is to follow
specific vessels in anastomoses on this scrolling axial
images while on 3D mapping the anastomoses are much better
defined and the vascular map so much easier to understand.
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie:
#2 |
| Type
A Dissection of the Aorta following Valve Replacement and
Composite Graft-
The patient has had a redisecction above the level of the
aortic valve replacement and proxal route placement. This
dissection shown on 3D imaging best defines the true nature
of the dissection as well as the extent down to the level
of the patient's graft in the ascending aorta. No other
findings of note were seen. 3D mapping enclosed with this
report. Please note that we also presented the information
using 4D display, which seems to be especially helpful in
this clinical problem. |
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: #1 |
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: #2 |
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: #3 |
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: #4 |
| Ascending
Aortic Aneurysm - This
is an example of an aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta
evaluated with both 3D and 4D reconstructions. This study,
which is done through a range of perspectives, also shows
extensive coronary artery disease with calcification and
mild stenosis in multiple vessels. Calcification in the
aortic arch also well defined, particularly on the MIP image
set. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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: #3 |
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: #4 |
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Movie
: #5 |
| AV
Shunt Dialysis Patient-
On this case is a nice example of the role of 3D in the
visualization of large volumes of complex vascular anatomy.
This study shows a vascular anatomy of a patient with an
AV shunt for dialysis. You will note how hard it is to follow
specific vessels in anastomoses on this scrolling axial
images while on 3D mapping the anastomoses are much better
defined and the vascular map so much easier to understand.
|
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie:
#2 |
| SMA
Syndrome : This is a classic example of SMA Syndrome
with marked decrease in the angle between the SMA and the
aorta as well as compression of the renal vein. The compression
of the renal vein results in many of the collaterals seen
in the region of the left renal hilum. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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Movie
: #3 |
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: #4 |
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Movie
: #5 |
| Right
Arch with Mirror Branching : This is an example of an
unusual variation of a right-sided arch with a near double
aortic arch but lack of connection of the left portion and
right portion of the arch. There is mirror branching present
as well. This configuration can lead to airway compression
but not with the frequency that one would see with a true
double aortic arch. The patient does have a diverticulum
off the left component of the arch. |
|
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: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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: #3 |
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Movie
: #4 |
| Left
Neck AVM: This is a demonstration of a large vascular
mass in the left superclavicular region with large feeding
and draining vessels consistent with an AV malformation. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
|
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|
Movie:
#2 |
| Diseased
LAD: 3D and 4D mapping of the coronary CT angiogram
demonstrating evidence of plaque and stenosis in the patient's
left anterior descending coronary artery. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
|
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|
Movie:
#2 |
|
Loeyes Dietz Syndrome: A newly described syndrome called
Loeyes Dietz has been described and consists of multiple
vascular aneurysms as well as tortual vessels and this is
one patient with this syndrome. |
|
Go
|
Movie
: #1 |
| Ascending
aorta : This is a study done with 3D and 4D mapping
demonstrating a dilated ascending aorta down to the level
of the aortic root. This study also shows you the amount
of motion present on the CT scan and the advantages of gating.
Note the pulmonary vasculature motion as well as the significant
motion of the ascending aorta. This patient had aortic stenosis
as the cause of the dilated aorta. |
|
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: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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: #3 |
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: #4 |
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: #5 |
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: #6 |
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: #7 |
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: #8 |
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Movie
: #9 |
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Movie
: #10 |
| SMA
Syndrome: Vascular mapping demonstrates information
in a range of perspectives from sagital to coronal to 3D
volume rendering. This study does show the dilated stomach
and small bowel with a rapid transition at the level of
the SMA. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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Movie
: #3 |
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: #4 |
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: #5 |
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: #6 |
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Movie
: #7 |
| Stents:
Coronary artery disease with coronary artery stents
in place seen on the volume rendered images. The patient
also has a prosthetic valve which functions normally. |
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: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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: #3 |
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: #4 |
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: #5 |
|
RCA Motion: 4D rendering is done to show the extent
of the motion that the right coronary artery normally goes
through in a routine scan due to the patient's heartbeat.
You will note that the key then would be to select a time
when the coronary artery is most relaxed and is best to
visualize. This is why 30% often works and why you have
to be selective. |
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Movie
: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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Movie
: #3 |
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: #4 |
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Movie
: #5 |
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Movie
: #6 |
|
Popliteal Aneurysms: Multiple different rendering techniques
as well as multiplanar reconstruction can be used in this
patient with bilateral popliteal artery aneurysm arch on
the left and the right side. 3D Mapping especially shows
this well. |
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie
: #2 |
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Movie
: #3 |
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Movie
: #4 |
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Movie
: #5 |
|
Lower Extremity Run Off Study: CT Angiography demonstrates
extensive disease in both superficial femoral arteries as
well as in trifurcation vessels, nicely shown in 3D mapping.
|
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
|
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|
Movie
: #2 |
|
3D Volume Rendering of a Diabetic Foot with Ulceration :
Routine use of volume rendering shows soft tissue abnormalities,
as well as amputation of the fifth digit. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
|
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|
Movie
: #2 |
| CTA
arm: Hall of fame case showing occluded shunt in forearm
with detailed vascular mapping. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie:
#2 |
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Movie:
#3 |
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Movie:
#4 |
|
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|
Movie:
#5 |
| SMA:
Occlusion of SMA and resultant ischemic bowel. Note
amazing detail in this SICU patient. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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|
Movie:
#2 |
|
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|
Movie:
#3 |
|
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|
Movie:
#4 |
|
Leg: Detailed vascular mapping in a 15 second acquisition. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
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Movie:
#2 |
|
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|
Movie:
#3 |
| Leg:
3-D mapping demonstrates vascular mass of the left leg
in a patient who had prior trauma to the tibia and fibula.
Patent vascular map present. |
|
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|
Movie
: #1 |
|
Go
|
Movie:
#2 |
|
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|
Movie:
#3 |
|
Liver AVM: 3-D mapping demonstrates a vascular lesion
in the dome of the liver with the perfusion changes next
to it. On the 3D map, the lesion has a cluster appearance
consistent with an AV malformation. |
|
Go
|
Movie
: #1 |
| LAG
CT Stent: 3-D mapping shows a stent in the junction
of the superficial femoral artery and popliteal artery.
The stent is patent and well defined on this exam. This
was done with .75 mm thick sections. |
|
Go
|
Movie
: #1 |
|
Go
|
Movie:
#2 |
| CTA
leg: This is a CT angiogram of the leg. Multiple renderings
were obtained including a high opacity to define skin, an
increased transparency to define muscle, and specific CT
angiographic displays as well as targeting the trifurcation
vessels. |
|
Go
|
CTA
leg movie : #1 |
|
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|
CTA
leg movie: #2 |
|
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|
CTA
leg movie: #3 |
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CTA
leg movie: #4 |
|
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|
CTA
leg movie: #5 |
|
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|
CTA
leg movie: #6 |
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|
CTA
leg movie: #7 |
|
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|
CTA
leg movie: #8 |
| Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber
syndrome : This patient has Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber
syndrome and the study demonstrates the venous malformations
in the right leg. |
|
Go
|
KTW
movie |
| Leg
CTA stent: CT angiogram of the lower extremity defines
a stent in the distal SFA. which is patent. |
|
Go
|
Leg
CTA movie : #1 |
|
Go
|
Leg
CTA movie: #2 |
| CT
angiography defines evidence of a stenosis in the SFA
on the right as well as in the peritoneal. |
|
Go
|
movie
: #1 |
|
Go
|
movie:
#2 |
| Cardiac:
Multiple 3D images demonstrated poor contractility in
a pre-op left ventricular reconstructive surgery. |
|
Go
|
Cardiac
movie : #1 |
|
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|
Cardiac
movie : #2 |
|
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|
Cardiac
movie : #3 |
|
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|
Cardiac
movie : #4 |
|
Go
|
Cardiac
movie : #5 |
| Cardiac:
3D mapping demonstrates extensive coronary artery disease
with bypass grafts in place. Soft plaque in right coronary
artery is seen. Poor left ventricular function is noted. |
|
Go
|
Cardiac
movie : #1 |
|
Go
|
Cardiac
movie : #2 |
|
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|
Cardiac
movie : #3 |
|
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Cardiac
movie : #4 |
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|
Cardiac
movie : #5 |
|
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|
Cardiac
movie : #6 |
| Carotid:
3D mapping of the carotid arteries using a 64 slice
scanner. Note the detail of vessels and thyroid gland. |
|
Go
|
Carotid:
#1 |
|
Go
|
Carotid:
#2 |
| Angio
of the foot: Real time rendering defines the detail
possible with peripheral CT angiography. color mapping (#2,#3)
is ideal for this application |
|
Go
|
Angio
of foot: #1 |
|
Go
|
Angio
of foot: #2 |
|
Go
|
Angio
of foot: #3 |
| Superior
Mesenteric Vein Clot: Interactive rendering with MIP
demonstrates clot in the SMV extensive collateralization
seen around stomach. The etiology of the SMV clot was not
clear from the study. No pancreatic mass was seen. Patient
did have a history of pancreatitis which may have contributed
to the process. |
|
Go
|
Interactive
rendering with MIP |
| Pulmonary
Embolism: 3D mapping demonstrates infiltration of hilar
regions by tumor but no evidence of pulmonary embolism was
seen. |
|
Go
|
3D |
| Right
common iliac artery aneurysm |
|
Go
|
Volume
rendering: Volume rendering of a right common iliac
artery aneurysm. |
|
Go
|
Axial:
Axial images of the CT dataset of a right common iliac
artery aneurysm. |
| Degloving
injury |
|
Go
|
CT
angiogram: - Successful CT angiogram for preoperative
planning despite orthopedic fixation device in this teenager. |
|
Go
|
Axial:
- Axial images of the CT angiogram for preoperative
planning . Note how limited axial images alone are. |
|
Go
|
CT
angiogram: - Successful CT angiogram for preoperative
planning despite orthopedic fixation device in this teenager. |
|
|