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| Aortic
dissection Type B with a nice definition of true and false
lumen. Please note the ulceration arising off of the false
lumen. |
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| CT
angiography of the lower extremity: showing the capabilities
of interactive rendering looking at bone, muscle, and vasculature
in real time. |
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| Venous-to-venous
varix:
Volume rendering MIP and Multiplanar reconstructions
demonstrates a very unusual case. Notice the vascular abnormality
in the region of the right hilum. This was a venous-to-venous
varix. |
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| LIMA
and saphenous graft: Volume rendering defining the presence
of both a LIMA and saphenous graft and showing the detail
that CT can provide for accurately defining the grafts.
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| Hemangioma
of the Shoulder: 3D Mapping demonstrates a vascular
mass in the supercavicular zone on the left in this child
consistent with a large cavernous hemangioma. |
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| Abdominal
wall vessels: Three sets of images are done to define
the perforating vessels in the subcutaneous tissues of the
abdominal wall going through the abdominal wall for reconstructive
breast surgery. Using CT has saved 90 minutes per patient,
roughly, in a 6-8 hour procedure. |
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| CT
angiography of the lower extremity: showing the capabilities
of interactive rendering looking at bone, muscle, and vasculature
in real time. |
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#1 |
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#2 |
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#3 |
| Venous-to-venous
varix:
Volume rendering MIP and Multiplanar reconstructions
demonstrates a very unusual case. Notice the vascular abnormality
in the region of the right hilum. This was a venous-to-venous
varix. |
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| LIMA
and saphenous graft: Volume rendering defining the presence
of both a LIMA and saphenous graft and showing the detail
that CT can provide for accurately defining the grafts.
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| Hemangioma
of the Shoulder: 3D Mapping demonstrates a vascular
mass in the supercavicular zone on the left in this child
consistent with a large cavernous hemangioma. |
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| Runoff
study: 3D reconstructions demonstrate vascular map from
the lower aorta to lower extremities showing vascular
mapping with extensive disease in the superficial
femoral arteries, popliteal and trifurcation vessels. |
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| AV
malformation: The patient has evidence of a hypervascular
lesion in the dome of the liver with perfusion changes associated
with it. This was an AV malformation nicely defined, particularly
in the 3D map. |
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| Liver
AV Malformation: A combination of axial, multi-planar
and 3D reconstructions demonstrates evidence of an AV malformation
in the left lobe of the liver. |
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| Bicuspid
valve: 4 dimensional and 3 dimensional visualization
of the aortic valve prior to operative repair. This is a
bicuspid valve. |
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| Arch
pseudoaneurysm: The patient has evidence of a pseudoaneurysm
off the arch, which is felt to be a post-surgical complication.
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| Coronary
artery angiogram: 3D reconstruction and 4 D reconstructions
of a coronary artery angiogram that was normal. The role
of visualization and looking at multiple planes and perspectives
is nicely defined in this case. |
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| Persistent
Left SVC: 3D mapping demonstrates the presence of a
persistent left SVC in this patient with dilated aortic
root. |
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| Post
CABG: 3D and 4D mapping of a patient post-cardiac bypass
demonstrating the grafts as well as cardiac motion.
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| LIMA
graft: 3D mapping demonstrating a patient's LIMA graft,
which is patent. Volume rendering and MIP are very good
for looking at graft patency on an interactive display.
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| Left
venticle aneurysm: 3D mapping demonstrates an aneurysm
of the tip of the left ventricle with thinning of the myocardium
and asymmetric contraction. |
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| Normal
coronery MIP: A nice example of maximum intensity projection
to visualize the coronary arteries. The coronary arteries
in this case were normal. |
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| Calcified
aortic valve: 3D and 4D mapping demonstrates a tricuspid
aortic valve with calcifications on the valve. |
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| Dilated
aortic root: A sequence of images defines the dilated
aortic root with good definition of both the root and valve.
The use of 3D and 4 D imaging is nicely shown in this case.
Note calcification in the patient's left anterior descending
coronary artery. |
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| LAD
stenosis: 3D and 4D mapping demonstrates extensive calcification
in areas of stenosis in both the left anterior descending
and circumflex coronary artery. |
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| Diseased
bicuspid valve: Sequence of images shows a bicuspid
aortic valve with thickening of the valve present, nicely
seen on the 4 dimensional map. |
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| Arch
Pseudoaneurysm : A sequence of images is provided using
both 3D and 4 D reconstruction in a complicated case of
a patient with a pseudo-aneurysm off the aortic arch. 3D
mapping defines the extent of aneurysm using a series of
axial, coronal, and sagittal planes with volume rendering
and 3D mapping. The 4 dimensional reconstructions also nicely
show the ulceration with aneurysm off the arch. This can
be best described as a pseudo-aneurysm. The multiple volume
rendered views nicely show the pseudo-aneurysm.
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| Loetz-Dietz
Syndrome: The patient has a history of Loetz-Dietz Syndrome.
The study is done to look for aneurysm. No aneurysm is found
and this study demonstrates great detail in the vessels
of the neck, as well as optimal visualization of the mandible
and the skull with extensive changes of the rendering algorithms
to visualize bone, muscle, and vessels. |
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| Poor
cardiac function: Image displayed in coronal MPR, as
well as 3D rendering, demonstrates poor cardiac function
with little change in the volume of the left ventricle,
between systole and diastole. This is nicely shown on multiple
sequences. |
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| Prior
cardiac surgery: The patent has a history of prior cardiac
surgery. Notice the bulge off the right side of the ascending
aorta consistent with a pseudo-aneurysm, possibly iatrogenic
in nature. This is clearly seen on all 3D reconstructions
as a discreet out-patching. This would be eventually repaired
by banding. |
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| Ascending
Aortic Aneurysm - This
is an example of an aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta
evaluated with both 3D and 4D reconstructions. This study,
which is done through a range of perspectives, also shows
extensive coronary artery disease with calcification and
mild stenosis in multiple vessels. Calcification in the
aortic arch also well defined, particularly on the MIP image
set. |
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| AV
Shunt Dialysis Patient-
On this case is a nice example of the role of 3D in the
visualization of large volumes of complex vascular anatomy.
This study shows a vascular anatomy of a patient with an
AV shunt for dialysis. You will note how hard it is to follow
specific vessels in anastomoses on this scrolling axial
images while on 3D mapping the anastomoses are much better
defined and the vascular map so much easier to understand.
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| Type
A Dissection of the Aorta following Valve Replacement and
Composite Graft-
The patient has had a redisecction above the level of the
aortic valve replacement and proxal route placement. This
dissection shown on 3D imaging best defines the true nature
of the dissection as well as the extent down to the level
of the patient's graft in the ascending aorta. No other
findings of note were seen. 3D mapping enclosed with this
report. Please note that we also presented the information
using 4D display, which seems to be especially helpful in
this clinical problem. |
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| Ascending
Aortic Aneurysm - This
is an example of an aneurysm of the ascending thoracic aorta
evaluated with both 3D and 4D reconstructions. This study,
which is done through a range of perspectives, also shows
extensive coronary artery disease with calcification and
mild stenosis in multiple vessels. Calcification in the
aortic arch also well defined, particularly on the MIP image
set. |
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: #1 |
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: #2 |
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: #3 |
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| AV
Shunt Dialysis Patient-
On this case is a nice example of the role of 3D in the
visualization of large volumes of complex vascular anatomy.
This study shows a vascular anatomy of a patient with an
AV shunt for dialysis. You will note how hard it is to follow
specific vessels in anastomoses on this scrolling axial
images while on 3D mapping the anastomoses are much better
defined and the vascular map so much easier to understand.
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: #1 |
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#2 |
| SMA
Syndrome : This is a classic example of SMA Syndrome
with marked decrease in the angle between the SMA and the
aorta as well as compression of the renal vein. The compression
of the renal vein results in many of the collaterals seen
in the region of the left renal hilum. |
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: #1 |
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| Right
Arch with Mirror Branching : This is an example of an
unusual variation of a right-sided arch with a near double
aortic arch but lack of connection of the left portion and
right portion of the arch. There is mirror branching present
as well. This configuration can lead to airway compression
but not with the frequency that one would see with a true
double aortic arch. The patient does have a diverticulum
off the left component of the arch. |
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: #1 |
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